Abstract
Equal pay laws in many OECD countries establish the right of men and women to equal pay for work of equal value. Nevertheless, during the first half of the 20th century, before the enactment of equal pay laws, employers and unions in several countries promoted unequal pay through “family wage” arrangements. This article seeks to improve understanding of the historical and sociological origins of “family wage” arrangements through both comparative research and in-depth historical archival research of family wage arrangements in Israel. It shows that unions played a complex role in promoting family wage arrangements. While their action reflected their patriarchal understanding of society, they were also guided by socialist principles.