Abstract
This article examines informality and formalisation through the experiences of members of the Trades Union Congress (Ghana) involved in informal cross-border trade (ICBT). The text highlights how regulatory complexities and border procedures intensify the vulnerabilities of such traders, while trade union affiliation generates livelihood assets by enhancing human capital and relational power. The article posits that the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), particularly its Protocol on Women and Youth in Trade, presents opportunities to formalise ICBT. However, it is contended that the realisation of this potential is contingent upon the operationalisation of simplified trade regimes, the alignment of trade facilitation measures with the realities of ICBT actors, and the strengthening of their collective organisation. It is imperative to facilitate the transition of informal cross-border traders, a significant proportion of whom are women, to ensure their meaningful participation in the AfCFTA.