Abstract
Despite global commitments to universal social protection and health coverage under the SDGs, only slightly more than half of the world’s population is effectively covered, with the largest gaps in low- and middle-income countries that host the majority of forcibly displaced persons. As forced displacement rises due to conflict, insecurity, and climate-related disasters, humanitarian actors have stepped in to protect displaced populations' rights, including access to health and social security. In response, the ILO has increasingly, over the past decade, supported national systems and humanitarian efforts to bridge the humanitarian–peace–development nexus and ensure social protection access for refugees and other displaced groups, offering valuable lessons for future action.