Abstract
Leather is Pakistan’s third-largest export industry, contributing 4 per cent to GDP. This study maps the sector in Pakistan, from leather tanning to manufacturing of leather goods, and provides insights into the labour conditions and industrial relations in the leather value chain. This research, commissioned by the ILO as part of the International Labour and Environmental Standards Application in Pakistan’s Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (ILES) project, provides a reference point for stakeholders engaged in supporting Pakistan’s small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve the sector’s labour and environmental compliance standards, sustainability and competitiveness.