Abstract
This guidance provides practitioners with a practical framework for identifying State-imposed forced labour in line with ILO Conventions Nos. 29 and 105. It explains the legal foundations of State-imposed forced labour, outlines structural risk factors and indicators of coercion, and presents a clear legal test for distinguishing lawful State authority from prohibited practices. The publication also examines common typologies encountered in practice, supporting governments, businesses, workers’ and employers’ organizations, researchers and civil society in assessing risks, conducting due diligence, and strengthening efforts to prevent and address State-imposed forced labour.